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The Morecambe Branch Line is a railway line in Lancashire, England, from Lancaster to Morecambe and Heysham, where trains connect with ferries to Douglas, Isle of Man. To reach Heysham, trains must reverse at Morecambe. Almost all passenger services are operated by Northern Rail. Most are shuttles between Lancaster and Morecambe, continuing to Heysham only to connect with ferries, primarily using Class 142, Class 153 or Class 156 diesel multiple units . A few services continue beyond Lancaster to Skipton and Leeds (see Leeds-Morecambe Line), and generally use Class 144 or Class 150 units. The first train each weekday is a First TransPennine Express service from Barrow to Windermere, which reverses at , leaves the West Coast Main Line (WCML) at Hest Bank South Junction, calls at and reverses at , calls at Bare Lane again and rejoins the WCML at Hest Bank North Junction and continues to Windmere.〔(TransPennine Express December 2008 timetable - Cumbria & Scottish Services ) www.tpexpress.co.uk Accessed 2008-11-20〕 It provides a token ''parliamentary service'' over the Bare Lane to Hest Bank curve. Prior to the December 2008 timetable change it ran Windermere - Lancaster - Morecambe - Barrow in the late evening. A weekday and summer Sunday afternoon train from Morecambe to Leeds is also scheduled to use the curve.〔(Northern Rail Leeds to Morecambe timetable May-December 2009 ) Northern Rail website. Accessed 2009-11-02〕〔(The 16.20 Morecambe to Leeds leaving the curve at Hest Bank ) Railscot website; retrieved 2009-06-08〕 Since 1994 the two tracks between Bare Lane and Morecambe have been operated as two independent single lines, with no connection between them beyond Bare Lane. Only the southern line is connected to the Heysham branch.〔Bairstow, p.61〕 The line also sees freight trains operated by Direct Rail Services, which serve Heysham nuclear power station. == History == The route is a fusion of lines opened by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR), the "little" North Western Railway (NWR) and the Midland Railway, which built the branch to Heysham Harbour and Morecambe Promenade terminus after it took over the NWR in 1874. The first proposals for a branch from Morecambe to the Lancaster and Carlisle Railway (L&C) at Hest Bank were put forward by the Morecambe Harbour and Railway Company (a constituent company of the NWR) in 1846 〔Binns p.5〕 but these were soon dropped on cost grounds. The L&C revived the scheme in 1858,〔Binns, p.27〕 with the intention of using the NWR's harbour facilities (suitably expanded) to export coke & iron ore from the North East, brought in via the South Durham & Lancashire Union Railway and the L&C main line. The NWR opposed the plans as it would lose its monopoly on traffic into the town, but its shaky finances eventually led it to reach an agreement with the L&C that would allow the latter to build its line but not require the associated harbour improvements to be carried out. The three-mile branch, including a link to the NWR station at Northumberland Street, was opened in August 1864. The hoped-for mineral traffic did not materialise and the route remained a modest branch, although the LNWR did have to provide its own station at Poulton Lane from November 1870 because of increasing congestion at Northumberland Street. This was replaced by a rather more substantial terminus at nearby Euston Road in 1886 〔Bairstow, p.53〕 as part of an improvement scheme that also saw the construction of a west-to-south curve from Bare Lane to join the WCML at Morecambe South Junction (opened in 1888), which permitted through running to without the need for a reversal, and hence gave access for longer-distance trains to places such as Manchester, Liverpool and London. The branch was also doubled (apart from the Hest Bank to Bare Lane curve) and a regular local service introduced between Euston Road and Lancaster Castle to complement that to/from Hest Bank. Despite these improvements and a journey time similar to the older route, the Midland line continued to carry most of the traffic to and from the town, especially after it was electrified in 1908 (see below). The branch became more important after the 1923 Grouping, with a London Euston to Heysham boat train commencing in 1928 〔Binns, p.41〕 – this ran to Promenade station, where it reversed for its journey to Heysham to meet the Belfast boat. Euston Road remained much quieter than Promenade for most of the year, though it did come into its own in the summer months when the regular local trains to Lancaster, and were supplemented by a large number of seasonal through trains to destinations such as , , Birmingham New Street, Manchester Victoria and London Euston.〔(Passenger Train Services at Morecambe Euston Road ) ''Disused Stations''; Retrieved 2014-03-06〕 Though Morecambe remained a popular resort after the nationalisation of the railway system in 1948, post-war road competition began to take its toll on traffic levels and by the late 1950s British Railways decided to concentrate services at the former Midland station. Scheduled trains were diverted to Promenade from 15 September 1958,〔Binns, p.42〕 but Euston Road remained in seasonal use (summer months only) for several more years - the 1959 Saturday timetable from there listed no fewer than 26 arrivals and 23 departures, including trains to Glasgow, Birmingham New Street, Preston, , , and . This was in addition to the usual scheduled services to/from Promenade. The station eventually closed to passengers at the end of the 1962 summer season (on 8 September), although it was still listed in the 1963 summer timetable (but not actually served in practice) and continued to be used for parcels traffic & carriage stabling until 1965. The neighbouring goods yard remained open for traffic until October 1972.〔(Disused Stations - Morecambe Euston Road ) Retrieved 2014-03-06〕 The biggest changes to the route soon after, as the 1963 Beeching Report recommended that it should be kept open rather than the Midland line to , even though the latter was electrified. This proposal was ratified by the Ministry of Transport in August 1965 and on 3 January 1966 the Midland line closed to passenger traffic.〔Marshall, p.158〕 An enhanced DMU shuttle to and from Lancaster Castle was introduced over the branch on the same day to replace the withdrawn services via Green Ayre. Trains from Leeds and were also diverted over the line from this date, using the former Furness and Midland Joint Railway to , the WCML to Hest Bank and then the original 1864 north curve to Bare Lane en route to Morecambe. The only ex-Midland facilities to survive were the terminus at Promenade and the 1904 Heysham branch, which was retained to serve the ferry terminal & adjacent nuclear power plant. This lost its passenger trains in October 1975, following the withdrawal of Belfast sailings earlier that year. In May 1987 services from Leeds were diverted to run via Lancaster (with a reversal) rather than directly via Hest Bank, and the Heysham branch was reopened to passengers in connection with the daily sailing to the Isle of Man. Promenade was replaced by a smaller station closer to the town centre in May 1994 and the Heysham line singled 〔 under the control of the signal box at Bare Lane. Following signalling renewal work in late 2012, the entire line is now supervised from the PSB at Preston. The Midland line was used for an early trial of electrification, opened between 13 April and 14 September 1908 using 6600 V AC at 25 Hz.〔(ELECTRIFICATION PIONEERS )''Visit Gloucestershire - Gloucester Transport History''〕 In 1953 it was converted to 50 Hz as a trial,〔Anon., 1953〕 and this experiment led to the 25 kV, 50 Hz system becoming standard for new electrification. The branch was electrified until it closed in 1966. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Morecambe Branch Line」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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